foundationgaq.blogg.se - Electron affinity trend

To use electron affinities properly, it is essential to keep track of the sign. Together they may undergo charge-transfer reactions. A molecule or atom that has a more positive electron affinity value is often called an electron acceptor one with a less positive electron affinity is called an electron donor. Mulliken used a list of electron affinities to develop an electronegativity scale for atoms by finding the average of the electron affinity and ionization potential.

X(g) + e^- \rightarrow X^(g)Įlectron affinity is measured for atoms and molecules in the gaseous state only, since in the solid or liquid states their energy levels would be changed by contact with other atoms or molecules. The electron affinity (E ea) of a neutral atom or molecule is defined as the amount of energy released when an electron is added to it to form a negative ion, as demonstrated by the following equation:

electronegativityThe tendency of an atom or molecule to attract electrons to itself.

electron affinityThe electron affinity of an atom or molecule is defined as the amount of energy released when an electron is added to a neutral atom or molecule to form a negative ion.

The chemical rationale for changes in electron affinity across the periodic table is the increased effective nuclear charge across a period and up a group.

These trends are not necessarily universal.

Electron affinity generally increases across a period in the periodic table and sometimes decreases down a group.

There are general trends in electron affinity across and down the periodic table of elements.

This is an exothermic process for all non-noble gas elements.

The electron affinity of an atom or molecule is the propensity for that particle to gain an electron.